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The term PMLD is used here to cover that group of people who have more than one severe disability. Due to the complexity of their needs it is often difficult to assess their abilities and to find a way of communication.
Many of the methods and techniques developed for people with disabilities are hard to use with people with more than one disability. Braille and tactile methods need good fine motor control, so a person with a visual and additional physical disability may be unable to use them. Computer switch access systems can require good visual skills making their use difficult for someone with an additional visual disability.
In a significant number of cases these barriers to learning and communication have meant that a full assessment of the learners abilities has not been possible. Appropriately and imaginatively used, technology can offer new opportunities for assessment and communication for this group.
The Benefits of Computers and Technology for People with PMLD
Computers can provide stimulating resources and materials. Bright and dynamic
screen displays can attract and hold attention. The addition of sound and speech feedback can exploit the other senses. The
range of alternative input devices can
offer opportunities for control for those with severe physical
disabilities.
Helping the individual
Exploring and choosing the range of
resources to find materials for a particular individual can be difficult. In
many cases this requires an assessment process which will involve those who are
familiar with the individual, a knowledge of the available technology and
suitable experience. In some instances it may be necessary to call on help from
a specialist organisation.
Software
While only a limited amount of software is written
specially for the PMLD group much early learning and switch operated material
can be used. It is also worth looking at other computer software that can
provide the bright and attractive images and sounds that will attract and hold
attention.
Input methods
It is very unlikely that someone with PMLD
will be able to use the standard keyboard or mouse but will need a device that is appropriate to the physical and
cognitive needs. As they are likely to have very restricted movements it will
be necessary to choose a device that they can work, find some way of
positioning it and provide time for them to learn how to use it.
Computer output
The standard computer output is provided by the monitor and sound system. The
impact of the visual output may need to be enhanced by using the computer in
a darkened room, using a larger monitor, a digital projector or even simply turning the brightness control up.
Sound output can be enhanced by using a better and more powerful amplifier system.
The impact of the sound and visual output can be enhanced by placing the speakers
close to the monitor and by ensuring that the user is placed to make effective
use of their vision.
Using other devices
Electrical and battery operated equipment is widely used with PMLD learners.
This type of equipment can often be more exciting and f un to use than a computer.
By using adaptor
leads and mains
controllers the same switches can be used to
control ICT as are used for the computer. Specialist equipment has been developed
to provide visual and auditory stimulation, often in the context of a specially
equipped room. This equipment can also be set up in other locations.
• More information on Profound and Multiple Learning
Difficulties
• Using Technology with Multiply Disabled and
Visually Impaired (MDVI) Learners